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Disclaimer: The State Coalition for Remediation of Drycleaners (SCRD) provides a forum for states to share programmatic, technical, and environmental information to improve the remediation of drycleaner sites. The materials and links listed in this section are provided as background for site users. They do not represent SCRD opinions or policies and do not constitute endorsement of any Web site, product, or service.
• Multimedia Presentations
• General
Information
• Drycleaning Processes
• Innovative
Remediation Technologies
• Vapor Intrusion
•
Case Studies
| Tour a Drycleaning Operation |
| Ever wonder what happens to your garments after you drop them off at the drycleaner? Find out by taking the Drycleaning Virtual Tour. |
| Bibliography of Drycleaning Resources |
| A combination of reference lists compiled by SCRD's Project Management/Technical Issues Subgroup from a variety of sources, including journal articles, presentations and posters from conferences, book chapters, and articles from newspapers and magazines. You may browse or search the bibliography online. |
| Chemicals Used in Drycleaning Operations (PDF) (17 pp, 91K) |
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Chemicals Search Menu
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| Information on Chemicals Used in Drycleaning Operations is available as a viewable/ downloadable document and in a searchable, on-line database. These resources are intended to help those engaged in the assessment and remediation of contaminated drycleaner sites and to assist regulators conducting compliance inspections at drycleaning facilities. The document provides current and historical information on the types of chemicals solvents, other chemicals, pre-cleaning/spotting agents, garment treatments, and solvent and equipment maintenance materials used in drycleaning operations. The database provides information on drycleaning products/trade names (as listed on Material Data Safety Sheets), who manufactures or distributes them, what the products are used for in drycleaning operations, what chemical ingredients each product contains, the CAS number for each chemical ingredient, any alternate name by which these chemicals are known, and any additional information available. |
| Dow Corning TSCA Report on Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (Green Earth®) (PDF) (6 pp, 375K) |
| This paper is the TSCA Section 8(e) Notification of Substantial Risk concerning decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (DMCPS3D5), a chemical used in drycleaning and known as Green Earth®. The report, submitted in February 2003, provides preliminary results of an ongoing 24-month Dow Corning study of the effects in Fischer 344 rats of exposure to varying vapor concentrations of DMCPS3D5. |
| Glossary of Drycleaning Terms |
| Comprehensive listing of terms related to the drycleaning industry. This glossary was produced by SCRD member Bill Linn. |
| Household Products Database |
| Hosted by the National Library of Medicine, the Household Products Database collects information from a variety of publicly available sources including brand-specific labels and Material Safety Data Sheets provided by manufacturers and manufacturers' web sites. |
| Training Curriculum for Alternative Clothes
Cleaning (PDF) (488K/119pp) |
| Order EPA
744-R-97-004a |
| This training course teaches garment care professionals and staff about wet cleaning. Developed by the University of Massachusetts Toxics Use Reduction Institute, this course explains how wet cleaning works and how to operate a wet cleaning facility. The course also explains how to convert a dry cleaning facility to a wet cleaning facility. |
| Wet Cleaning (PDF) (231K/19pp) |
| Order EPA 744-K-96-002 |
| Explains the process of wet cleaning and how it differs from drycleaning, and summarizes EPA’s involvement in the garment care industry. Also lists over 120 establishments throughout the United States and Canada that currently have wet cleaning capabilities. |
| Analysis of Selected Enhancements for Soil Vapor
Extraction (PDF) (3.2MB/246pp) |
| Order EPA 542-R-97-007 |
| This report provides an engineering analysis of, and status report on, selected enhancements for soil vapor extraction (SVE) treatment technologies. The report is intended to assist project managers considering an SVE treatment system by providing them with an up-to-date status of enhancement technologies; an evaluation of each technology's applicability to various site conditions; a presentation of cost and performance information; a list of vendors specializing in the technologies; a discussion of relative strengths and limitations of the technologies; recommendations to keep in mind when considering the enhancements; and a compilation of references. |
| Citizen's
Guides |
| The Technology Innovation Office produced this series of fact sheets that explain, in basic terms, the operation and application of innovative treatment technologies for remediating sites. |
| Color-Tec® Screening
Process |
| Download Color-Tec® Method Description And Standard Operating Procedures (PDF) (389K/21pp) |
| Color-Tec® is a field-based analytical method developed by Ecology and Environment, Inc. in 1997. The method combines the use of colorimetric gas detector tubes (originally designed for occupational breathing-zone monitoring) with sample purging to detect very low (ppb-range) concentrations of chlorinated compounds in groundwater and soil samples. Please contact Perry Kelso at PKelso@ene.com for more information. |
| Considerations Regarding Application of Permanganate for Remedies in Tennessee (PDF) (51K/11pp) |
The purpose of this document is to educate regulators and
project managers about the DNAPL problem and to spotlight a selection of
emerging characterization and remediation technologies for DNAPLs.
Note: The mention of specific companies or brand names in this document does not constitute an endorsement of any specific vendor or product. |
| Enhanced Reductive Dechlorination and the Relationship Between
CIS-1,2-DCE Accumulation and Methanogenesis (PDF) (103K/11pp) |
| Enhanced reductive dechlorination is a viable technology for treating chlorinated ethenes whether implemented through the addition of Hydrogen Releasing Compound (HRCTM), molasses, sodium lactate, vegetable oil, or other organic carbon sources. However, no technology works equally well at every site, and it is important to understand the complexities of the local microbial community. This paper, by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and Geosyntec, describes a problem that appears relatively common at sites undergoing enhanced reductive dechlorination, the accumulation of cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-1,2-DCE). In addition, this paper provides a cost analysis of this treatment technology. |
| Field Applications of Remediation Technologies: Permeable
Reactive Barriers (PDF) (142K/122pp) |
| Order EPA
542-R-99-002 |
| A status report on the use of permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) for ground-water remediation in the United States, Canada, and selected locations abroad. This report is intended to provide site owners and managers with a central source of information about the use of PRBs. Included in this report are 30+ profiles of ongoing and completed pilot- and full-scale PRB demonstrations as well as full-scale installations. |
| In Situ Remediation Technology Status Reports |
| Describes field demonstrations or full-scale applications of various technologies for nonaqueous phase liquids and ground water treatment.
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| The Remediation
Technologies Screening Matrix |
| Provides critical information on commercially available alternative treatment technologies and combines selected features of several EPA, DOD, and DOE publications. The online version of the matrix provides users with serach capabilities. |
| The Redfield Site |
| This website provides information on the environmental investigation and remediation efforts related to the former Redfield Site property. including determining whether solvent vapors, particularly from the chemical 1,1-DCE, have migrated from groundwater through the soil and into residential foundations in homes near the site. |
| Johnson and Ettinger (1991) Model for Subsurface Vapor Intrusion into Buildings |
| This describes a series of models developed by EPA in 1998 for estimating indoor air concentrations and associated health risks from subsurface vapor intrusion into buildings that were based on the analytical solutions of Johnson and Ettinger (2001) for contaminant partitioning and subsurface vapor transport into buildings. |
| Archived CLU-IN Internet Seminar |
| This seminar provides an overview of the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) Draft Guidance for Evaluating the Vapor Intrusion To Indoor Air Pathway from Groundwater and Soils. Other useful resources are also linked from the seminar. Run time: 2 hours, 30 minutes. |
| EPA ORD Engineering Issue Paper: Indoor Air Vapor Intrusion Mitigation Approaches (PDF) (627.05K/49pp) |
| Prepared by EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD), this paper is focused on the mitigation of vapor intrusion to prevent human exposure to anthropogenic soil and groundwater contaminants. This document is designed to provide sufficient information to allow the reader to understand the range of mitigation technologies available. The document also provides information on selecting appropriate technologies in consultation with qualified engineering and risk management professionals. |
| Reported Leaks, Spills and Discharges at Florida Drycleaning Sites (PDF) (92K/14pp) |
| This paper presents data collected by the Florida Drycleaning Solvent Cleanup Program on reported spills, leaks and discharges of drycleaning solvent and solvent-contaminated wastes at 334 drycleaning facilities and 14 drycleaning wholesale supply facilities located in Florida. This information will be useful to those conducting contamination assessments and soil and groundwater remediation at contaminated drycleaning sites by helping to identify contaminant source areas. Since the bulk of the contaminant mass is generally located in close proximity to the discharge point, a better understanding of drycleaning equipment, operations and waste management practices, particularly former industry practices, will facilitate identification of contaminant source areas. This will enable investigators to focus sampling during site assessment activities to provide a more accurate picture of contaminant mass distribution in contaminant source areas that is necessary for successful site remediation. Information contained in this paper may also be useful to regulatory personnel conducting compliance inspections at drycleaning operations. |
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